Turn Compost Pile Regularly to Make it

Composting mimics and intensifies nature’s recycling plan. Compost is a type of long manurial effect bio-organic fertilizer. It mainly consists of various plant residue and human or animal manure , any of these materials would eventually decompose. But when a variety of materials are mixed together and kept moist and aerated, the process accelerates. it's also an extremely satisfying way to help the environment. To make good quality and nutritious bio-organic fertilizer, the very composting tool --compost turner is necessary.

Five important components to work effectively
Nitrogen (Green ingredients also wetter materials ): supply your pile with nitrogen which grow and reproduce organisms to oxidize the carbon. These additions are often green and wet:Fruit and vegetable trimmings, herbicide-free grass clippings . Every pile needs the green ingredients, Too much green stuff can lead to a rotting pile instead of a composting pile.

Carbon: (Brown ingredients also dry materials ): supply your pile with carbon for energy (heat).  These items are often brown and drier--fall leaves, branches, hedge clippings, straw, pine needles ,hay and other dead plants material . The carbon is very necessary but again, too much has its consequences.  If you have a pile with mostly prunings from your hedge and other woody stuff, the pile can take years to break down.

Oxygen, for oxidizing the carbon, facilitating the decomposition process. Done by regularly turning the mixture. If your compost becomes starved of oxygen, then it starts to produce greenhouse gases - so it's important to get air into your compost heap, for example turning it regularly by compost turner.

Water: mixture should be moist, but not soaking wet to maintain activity without causing anaerobic conditions. Bad odors are a sign that the heap is too wet or contains excessive green material. Turn it  to mix in air by compost turner, and add more dry material. Maggots are the larvae of various flies; many are beneficial insects. Ants are a sign that the material is too dry. Add water.

Temperature: The temperature of the compost pile is very important and is an indication of the microbial activity of the decomposition process. track the temperature inside the heap is use the  thermograph. If it is warm or hot, everything is decomposing as it should, but if it is the same temperature as the surrounding air, the microbial activity has slowed down and you need to add more materials that are high in nitrogen to the heap.

Make sure your material is cut into a small particle size as smaller particles break down more rapidly best chose fertilizer crusher

Use the compost turner turn the compost regularly
Turn your pile regularly, once every week or two. Mixing the pile in this way helps to keep air flowing inside the pile, which encourages aerobic decomposition. Anaerobic decomposition will smell very stinky (generally sour, like vinegar) and they decompose materials more slowly than aerobic bacteria. Turning the pile helps to encourage the growth of the right kind of bacteria and makes for a nice, sweet-smelling pile that will decompose faster.

To make good quality and nutritious bio-organic fertilizer, this is necessary compost turner integrates blending and crushing for bio-organics decomposing. It accelerates fermentation speed and prevents generation of poisonous and smelly gas such as sulfuretted hydrogen, amine gas, etc. Therefore, compost turner is in favor of environment and improves fertilizer efficiency. Whirlston Machinery can offer you various kinds of compost turners which enjoy great popularity for their unique advantages to meet your different requirements.

The Benefits of Use Compost

What is the compost
Compost is a versatile product resulting from composting - the biodegradation of organic waste, industrially, commercially or domestically produced. The basic use is conditioning and fertilizing soil by the addition of humus, nutrients and beneficial soil bacteria, with a wide range of specific applications. also is a way to control household waste. And while minimizing waste is one significant benefit of composting

Using compost as mulch, in the soil or as potting media is beneficial in many ways. Compost contains a full spectrum of essential plant nutrients often absent in synthetic fertilizers, releases nutrients slowly—over months or years, unlike synthetic fertilizers, enriched soil retains fertilizers better.

1. Improve soil structure
Soil structure refers to the way inorganic particles, such as sand, silt and clay, combine with decayed organic particles, like humus and compost. Soil with a healthy structure is crumbly to the touch, allowing plenty of room for air, water and energy to move freely.

Compost helps bind clusters of soil particles, called aggregates, which provide good soil structure. Such soil is full of tiny air channels & pores that hold air, moisture and nutrients. it can hold nutrients tight enough to prevent them from washing out, but loosely enough so plants can take them up as needed. makes any soil easier to work,  brings and feeds diverse life in the soil. These bacteria, fungi, insects, worms and more support healthy plant growth.

2. improve crop yields
When organic material is broken down in a compost pile, the decomposition process produces the best fertilizer you’ll ever find, the soil food web. Simply soil food web is a community of organisms that live their lives in the soil, from microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to macroorganisms like earthworms and beetles. all of these organisms are essential to healthy soil and will only improve crop yields.

Compost bacteria break down organics into plant available nutrients. Some bacteria convert nitrogen from the air into a plant available nutrient.  beneficial insects makes  the soil  enrich, and the worms and other organisms that burrow through soil keeping it well aerated. so compost may suppress diseases and harmful pests that could overrun poor lifeless soil.

3. protecting waters
Improving soil structure and boosting nutrient content is about more than producing healthier crops. Fertile soil also has far greater moisture retention

Healthy soil is an important factor in protecting our waters. Compost increases soil’s ability to retain water because it encourages healthy root systems, which decrease runoff, even just have a 5% increase in organic material but have quadruples soils water holding capacity. Compost can reduce or eliminate use of synthetic fertilizers,reduce chemical pesticides since it contains beneficial microorganisms that may protect plants from diseases and pests.

4. Balance the PH
Compost buffers the soil, neutralizing both acid & alkaline soils, bringing pH levels to the optimum range for nutrient availability to plants.
Compost helps sandy soil retain water and nutrients. it loosens tightly bound particles in clay or silt soil so roots can spread, water drain & air penetrate.

5. Ward off  Plant Diseases
Research is showing us that soil treated with compost tends to produce plants with fewer pest problems,Compost helps to control diseases and insects that might otherwise overrun a more sterile soil lacking natural checks against their spread.

If you need compost in the industry, Whirlston Machinery can offer you various kinds of compost turners which enjoy great popularity for their unique advantages to meet your different requirements.

Urea is the King of Fertilizers

What is Urea Fertilizer
Worldwide, urea is one of the most widely used dry granular sources of nitrogen. Most fertilizers provide three primary nutrients: N P K. Nitrogen initiates vegetative growth. Phosphorous improves roots and flowering. Potassium can strengthen resistance to shock such as extremes in temperature or insect attack. Urea is one concentrated source of available nitrogen.

Urea is The King of Fertilizers
The main function of urea is to provide the plants with nitrogen to promote green leafy growth. primarily used for bloom growth and vertical height , It can make the plants look lush, and it’s necessary for the photosynthesis of plants. Urea is the most important nitrogenous fertilizer. Firstly, it has high nitrogen content about 46 percent. Secondly, it is a white crystalline organic chemical compound, neutral and can adapt to almost all the land although urea is a waste product formed naturally by metabolizing protein in humans as well as other mammals, amphibians and some fish, synthetic urea is manufactured with anhydrous ammonia. Thirdly, urea is widely used in the agriculture sector both as a fertilizer and animal feed additive.

Advantages of Urea Fertilizer
Highest nitrogen content. This percentage is much higher than other available nitrogenous fertilizers in the market, and the cost of production of urea is relatively low. not subject to fire or explosion hazards, so there is no risk in the storage of urea. urea can be mixed with other fertilizers or used it alone. For plants that love acidic soils, urea is one of the top fertilizers for acidifying soils. For gardeners who grow crops like corn, strawberries, blueberries and other heavy nitrogen feeders, urea will supply immediate and powerful applications of nitrogen.

Disadvantages of Urea Fertilizer
As a result of the chemical reaction that takes place when urea is applied to the soil, special care must be taken to ensure that the nitrogen is not lost when the ammonium evaporates. the urea with very high solubility and hygroscopic , need better packaging quality ,and not as stable as other solid nitrogenous fertilizers, decomposes even at room temperatures that results in serious loss that makes dry storage conditions imperative. If urea contains impurities more than 2 percent, it cannot be used as a fertilizer, since the impurities are toxic to certain crops, particularly citrus.

Use Urea Fertilizer
When urea is placed on the surface of the soil, a chemical reaction takes place that changes the urea to ammonium bicarbonate. The ammonium will convert into a gas, which is then lost if not protected. Urea should be applied at the time of sowing. It should not come in contact with the seeds. Urea is highly concentrated, it should be used in combination with earth or sand before its application.  If urea is used as a top-dressing material, it should be incorporated into the soil with a tillage operation of application or should be applied prior to a soaking rain.

Tips of Blending Urea
Urea is readily blended with monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate. But, urea must not be mixed with any superphosphate unless applied immediately after blending, because urea reacts with superphosphate liberating water molecules. This will produce a damp material that is hard to store and apply

Build an Organic Farming

Organic farming is direct connection between our health and how the food we eat is produced. Artificial fertilisers are banned and pesticides are severely restricted and farmers develop fertile soil by rotating crops and using compost, cover crops,manure and crop rotation. and place a strong emphasis on the protection of wildlife and the environment.  take a holistic, principled approach that respects and harnesses the power of natural processes to build positive health across the ecology of the farm.

Organic farming methods use of renewable resources and conservation of soil and water. make more healthier crops and animals, reduces their susceptibility to disease. Common techniques used by organic farmers to manage soil quality offer the best, currently available, practical model for addressing climate-friendly food production. This is because it is less dependent on oil-based fertilisers and pesticides and confers resilience in the face of climatic extremes. It also stores higher levels of carbon in the soil, and as a result if organic farming was common practice in the China, we could offset at least 23% of agriculture's current greenhouse emissions.

Compost is organic material used with success in both home gardens and farms. It is made of decaying and decayed organic wastes and is spread on garden beds and organically farmed fields. turn compost to bio-organic fertilizer which is environment protecting and earth quality improving. It uses the modern fertilizing technology to make bio-organic fertilizer from such materials as agri-waste,manure,daily life garbage,slush and vinasse,etc. Compost fermentation is rather an advanced and the most economical fertilizing method to build a biologic organic farming.

Cover crops in general are used to protect the soil's surface from water and wind erosion, help maintain soil structure, and help maintain the level of organic matter of the soil, all of which keeps soil healthy. Green manure is a type of cover crop grown specifically to add nutrients back into the soil; manure is plowed together with the soil, positively increasing the soil's organic matter. Cover crops are also used in place of conventional pesticides to keep weeds at bay and as a eliminate to pests.

Crop rotations are also part of the strategy organic farmers use to help sustain soil fertility. For example, this year an organic farmer may grow wheat on a field, graze sheep on that field next, and plan to plant a cover crop of clover the year after.  a diversity of crops and animals are raised on the farm and rotated around the farm over several seasons, including fallow periods. This mixed farming approach helps break cycles of pests and disease and builds fertility in the soil

The routine use of drugs, antibiotics and wormer is banned. instead the farmer will use preventative methods, like moving animals to fresh pasture and keeping smaller herd and flock sizes, free-range life for farm animals is guaranteed

Phosphatic Fertilizer Export Current Situation

In the whole phosphorus industry chains both in domestic and abroad, it sees the booming

upstream industry. More and more phosphate enterprises energetically expand upstream industry and improve the structure of its phosphate industry. Integration of phosphorus industry seems inevitable in future. Meanwhile, integration and snatch of phosphorus are also happening in the global. Even under the depressed global economic situation, some of phosphate fertilizer enterprises are still optimistic about the future of phosphorus industry especially for the upstream. It predicts that this condition will last for some time.

Phosphate Fertilizer in China
China loosens export of phosphate fertilizer. In accordance with the new export tariff, China is to loosen the export policy on phosphate fertilizer (including ammonium phosphate (DAP & MAP) and triple superphosphate). The new export tariff will take effect on Jan.1, 2013. In general, both in short run and long run, the loosened export policy is bound to benefit China’s phosphate fertilizer market.In the short term, China’s export tariff adjustment for phosphate fertilizer shored up the confidence of phosphate fertilizer firms and reversed the falling price for phosphate fertilizer. In the long term, China’s phosphate fertilizer firms would be motivated to export DAP and MAP in the high-tariff period of 2013 due to the reduction in cost of export.

India Demand Phosphatic Fertilizer 
India, the world's second-biggest wheat, sugarcane and rice producer, is a critical market for fertilizer producers. It is the biggest global phosphate importer and relies completely on foreign potash supplies. Russia the world's second-largest producer of finished phosphate products, is more optimistic. expects India's phosphate imports to hold steady this year, as a favorable monsoon season gives farmers incentive to maximize production with fertilizer.

India cut the subsidies on phosphate fertilizers and potash-based fertilizers in the fiscal year . The subsidy for diammonium phosphate (DAP) has been cut by 14 percent from a year ago to 12,350 rupees per tonne for 2013-2014, and for muriate of potash (MoP) by 21.5 percent to 11,300 rupees per tonne. but also decreased the maximum retail price for farmers. The cut for the second year in a row will limit Indian fertilizer companies' ability to pass on falls in global fertilizer prices to local farmers and thereby stem any rebound in consumption of potash and phosphate based fertilizers which fell by nearly 30 percent last year. The net result is a marginally lower price for farmers and a likely increase in overall . It will also limit India's imports of potash and phosphate. India imports all its potash and also buys about 90 percent of its phosphate fertilizer from abroad.  

Phosphate Fertilizer in North Africa
Morocco, home to more than half of the world’s rock phosphate resources. The OCP is Morocco’s largest industrial company which controls more than half the world’s phosphate reserves. The company employs 18,000 people and indirectly supports more than 40,000 jobs across Morocco. It accounts for 3.5% of Morocco’s GDP.

A new $498 million phosphoric acid plant has started operating in the Tunisian. It’s a joint venture between Indian fertilizer maker and Tunisian state-owned enterprises . Indian news reports say the plant will use around 1.4 million tonnes of Tunisian rock phosphate per year, producing 360,000 tonnes of phosphoric acid annually. And neighboring Algeria has now invited Indian companies for undertaking a feasibility study for cooperation in its fertilizer sector. The proposal was reportedly made by a Algerian trade delegation visiting New Delhi. 800 billion tonnes of phosphate reserves remain to be exploited in the country. Algeria also plans to increase its phosphate processing capacity by 5 million tonnes.

The Influence of Nitrogen on Wheat

Nitrogen (N) is often the most deficient of all the plant

nutrients. Wheat is very sensitive to insufficient nitrogen and very responsive to nitrogen fertilization. The most important role of N in the plant is its presences in the structure of protein, the most important building substances from which the living material or protoplasm of every cell is made. In addition, nitrogen is also found in chlorophyll, the green coloring matter of leaves. Chlorophyll enables the plant to transfer energy from sunlight by photosynthesis. Therefore, the nitrogen supply to the plant will influence the amount of protein, protoplasm and chlorophyll formed. In turn, this influences cell size and leaf area, and photosynthetic activity.

Deficiency Symptoms
The most easily observed symptom of nitrogen deficiency is the yellowing (chlorosis) of leaves due to a drop in chlorophyll content and pale green (chlorotic) plants that are poorly tillered  . This symptom is usually noticed first in the more mature leaves, and last in the upper actively growing leaves, because the N is translocated from older to new leaves to sustain growth. Thus, the older leaves will wither and result in poor plant growth and yield reduction. Generally growth is slowed, stunted and firing of the leaf tips and margins is evident.

Excessive Symptoms
Excessive N can cause lodging, increased disease incidence and severity, and lower yield. Additionally, excessive N may result in increased levels of N in ground and surface waters, with negative environmental (and economic) consequences.  Nitrogen must be applied in a timely manner to maximize yield potential. Delaying N application after to an N-deficient crop will result in decreased yield potential most years.  Proper N rate and timing are important for high tiller numbers and yield .

The Wheat Growth Rule 
Before winter, it adopts large amount of nitrogen fertilizer,and the less amount of phosphatic fertilizer and potassic fertilizer. In order to satisfy the nitrogen fertilizer demand, people used to spread 1.5-2.5 kg nitrogen fertilizer to increase wheat growing. During wheat seedling period, it stills need more nitrogen fertilizer,but with the increasing amount of phosphatic fertilizer and potassic fertilizer. The fertilizer applied in Winter mainly plays its role in spring.

Wheat Nutrition
By the time the grain formation period starts nutrients accumulation is practically over and the formation of grain is progressing due to nutrients redistribution. During the stage of tillering and initiation of ear primordium spring grain crops need nitrogen more then ever – they take up to 40% of nitrogen consumed during the whole vegetation period.  Phosphor helps on the root system development, large ear formation, earlier maturing. Shortage of phosphorus causes bad assimilation of nitrogen and potassium.  Initial growth period is critical with regard to nitrogen and potassium. Shortage of these nutrients reduces crop yield by 20-30%.

Fertilizer N Sources.
Fertilizer N sources for wheat include ammonium nitrate (33-34% N), urea (45-46% N), and urea-ammonium nitrate solutions (28-32% N) chemical fertilizer and so on . All are equally good sources of wheat N nutrition,  Wheat requires a small, but important, amount of N in the fall. in all tillage systems and regardless of previous crop residue. This requirement can almost always be met by soil N remaining after the preceding corn. Slow release N is now available for use on wheat. resulting in greener wheat.

Types of Fertilizer in the Market

Classified by ingredients or characters, fertilizer includes

inorganic fertilizer,organic fertilizer and biofertilizer. Inorganic fertilizer is also called as chemical fertilizer like nitrogenous fertilizer,phosphatic fertilizer,potash fertilizer and BB fertilizer; Organic fertilizer is called as farmyard manure such as animal manure,green manure,cake fertilizer,barnyard manure and compost windrow,etc; Biofertilizers containing living cells or latent cells of efficient strains of microorganisms that help crop plants’ uptake of nutrients by their interactions in the rhizosphere when applied through seed or soil.  accelerate certain microbial processes in the soil which augment the extent of availability of nutrients in a form easily assimilated by plants.

By the requirement of a certain element, fertilizer can be needed in large amount,medium amount and micro amount. The large amount fertilizer is like nitrogenous fertilizer,phosphatic fertilizer,potash fertilizer; the medium amount need fertilizer is like calcium fertilizer,magnesium fertilizer and sulfur fertilizer; the micro amount need fertilizer is the fertilizer with ingredients like iron, manganese,boron,zinc,copper, molybdenum and so on.

Categorize fertilizer into basic fertilizer,additional fertilizer,seed manure and foliar-fertilizer. Single-nutrient fertilizers will remain the dominant product while multi-nutrient and organic types grow the fastest.

Foliar fertilizer plants take in nutrients more efficiently through stomata (plant pores) than do through root uptake. give the growing things a quick boost with periodic mists or sprays of natural foliar fertilizers. Not only good for general fertilization but also an immediate way to revive and stimulate stressed, tired, or diseased plants. Foliar feeding is an effective way to compensate for soil deficiencies and poor soil’s inability to transfer nutrients to the plant. Tests have shown that foliar feeding can be 8 to 10 times more effective than soil feeding.

Seed manure is an excellent green manure that has bio fumigant properties. (Biofumigation is the suppression of soil borne pests & diseases by the release of naturally occurring gases). By combining the lush organic matter with the plants biofumigant properties the activity of beneficial soil microbes is increased, so they can outperform the pathogen microbes and this helps keep harmful soil diseases down.

BB fertilizer is a kind of bulk blending fertilizer which contains at least two elements among nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium. The widely applied formula fertilizer also belongs to bb fertilizer and it is specially formulated through nutrition and crop growing law which is very effective. The formula fertilizer is cost-effective and high-effect in crop, thus can increase profit.
We have seen controlled-release fertilizer which is a new type fertilizer. It can extend the effective period of fertilizer nutrition adoption by many controlling methods such as delay releasing initially. Formula fertilizer can improve fertilizer effect,reduce fertilizer amount and times, lower crop cost and environment pollution, improve crop quality. It is proved that the effective rate can be improved above 20% by using formula fertilizer.